India is home to an estimated 55.3 million people with COPD and approximately 34 million with asthma—making these two conditions among the nation's leading causes of illness and disability. Yet here is the troubling reality: fewer than 20% of these cases have been formally diagnosed. In some estimates, the underdiagnosis rate reaches as high as 95% in certain populations.

Ramesh, a 55-year-old factory supervisor in Pune, thought his persistent cough was just part of getting older. "I figured it was something seasonal," he recalls. "Everyone around me coughs in winter. I didn't think it was serious." By the time he finally visited a doctor, his lungs had already deteriorated significantly. He was diagnosed with advanced COPD—chronic obstructive pulmonary disease—a condition he didn't know he had while years of damage accumulated silently inside his chest.

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